Understandings:
- Undifferentiated cells in the meristems of plants allow indeterminate growth.
- Mitosis and cell division in the shoot apex provide cells needed for extension of the stem and development of leaves.
- Plant hormones control growth in the shot apex.
- Plant shoots response to the environment by tropisms.
- Auxin efflux pumps can set up concentration gradients of auxin in plants tissue.
- Auxin influences of cell growth rates by changing the pattern of gene expression.
- Micropropagation of plants using tissue from the shoot apex nutrient agar gels and growth hormones.
- Use of micropropagation for rapid bulking up of new varieties, production of virus-free strains of existing varieties and propagation of orchids and other rare species.
- Developments in scientific research follow improvements in analysis and eduction-improvements in analytical techniques allowing the detection of trace amounts of substances has led to advances in the understanding of plant hormones and their effect on gene expression.
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