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7.3 Translation

Understandings:
  • Initiation of translation involves assembly of the components that carry out the process.
  • Synthesis of the polypeptide involves a repeated cycle of events.
  • Disassembly of the components follows termination of translation.
  • Free ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or use in lysosomes.
  • Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins for use primarily within the cell.
  • Translation can occur immediately after transcription in prokaryotes due to the absence of a nuclear membrane.
  • The sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide is the primary structure.
  • The secondary structure is the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonding.
  • The tertiary structure is the further folding of the polypeptide stabilized by interactions between R groups.
  • The quaternary structure exists in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain.
Applications:
  • tRNA-activating enzymes illustrate enzyme-substrate specificity and the role of phosphorylation.
Skills:
  • The use of molecular visualization software to analyze the structure of eukaryotic ribosomes and tRNA molecules.
  • Identification of polysomes in electron micrographs of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
NOS:
  • Developments in scientific research follow improvements in computing- the use of commuters has enabled scientists to make advances in bioinformatics applications such as locating genes within genomes and identifying conserved sequences.

Powerpoints
7.3 Translation Notes
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Homeworks
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Chapter 7 Study Guide
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